metabolism: region pool exactness + browser boot — deterministic velocity pass, pool warm-gate for the web worker boot, breaker

Two root causes fixed end to end:

1. Exactness race: phaseFields' velocity pass wrote its own coarse blocks
   and then read halo blocks no neighbour had committed yet — pool runs
   diverged at random frames (2/4 runs). The velocity pass now runs as a
   block-owner section at the END of phaseStrains; phaseFields only reads
   committed velocities. 8/8 pool runs bit-exact through f1239; tests 9/9
   (including 1600-frame x 2-worker runs across the section boundary).

2. Browser boot stall: beginPhase's hot spin (Atomics.wait throws on a
   window) froze pending web-worker script loads — Chromium routes worker
   startup through the busy main thread, so the show stalled 30s and
   threw 'region pool stalled'. The web shell now acks ('pool') after
   makeRegion (mail[63] is a real boot counter), the world runs cold until
   every worker acks (step/stepTo skip frames; post-warm catch-up is
   unbounded), and loadSongData awaits player.warm() before the show.
   Node pools are untouched (native threads answer barriers directly).

Also: Player.build/rewind dispose the old pool (no more leaked idle
worlds); region-core.js is the shared worker body; region-worker.web.js
the browser shell (vite bundles it via the literal new Worker(new URL)
spelling — dist emits a self-contained worker asset instead of a broken
base64 data URL).

Circuit breaker in the demo: >=2 consecutive sub-25fps windows trip;
>=30 frames behind the audio clock for >=750ms trips (dormant while
stepTo catches up unconditionally — the fps path is live). 12/12 mirror
scenarios pass.

Bench: node serial 74.2ms/f, 2w 38.9 (1.91x), 4w 24.6 (3.02x). Browser:
steady 30fps including a 64s soak to 20k organisms at 640x360.

metabolism/src/demo/main.js

@@ -52,6 +52,7 @@ const state = {
     playing: false,
     loading: false,
     fps: null, // achieved film rate, measured by the circuit breaker
+    lagS: null, // seconds the picture runs behind the audio clock
 };
 
 // ---- audio pipeline (browser side of the shared pipeline) ------------------
@@ -99,6 +100,7 @@ async function loadSongData(id, seed, res) {
     const song = buildSong(analysis, seed);
     const player = new Player(els.view, w, h);
     player.build(song);
+    await player.warm();   // the pool answers its boot acks before the show begins
     const audio = new AudioTransport(pcmSlot.pcm, pcmSlot.sampleRate, { onEnd: handleEnded });
     return { entry: state.byId.get(id), song, analysis, player, audio };
 }
@@ -212,19 +214,46 @@ function doSeek(seconds) {
 const BREAKER_FPS = 25;      // the minimum sustained film rate we accept
 const BREAKER_WIN = 2.0;     // seconds per measurement window
 const BREAKER_STRIKES = 2;   // consecutive slow windows before we stop
+const BREAKER_LAG = 30;      // frames behind the audio clock that count as stranded
+const BREAKER_LAG_HOLD = 750;   // ms of stranding before we stop
 
-const breaker = { frames: 0, dt: 0, last: 0, strikes: 0 };
+const breaker = { frames: 0, dt: 0, last: 0, strikes: 0, lagSince: 0 };
 
 function breakerReset() {
     breaker.frames = 0;
     breaker.dt = 0;
     breaker.last = 0;
     breaker.strikes = 0;
+    breaker.lagSince = 0;
     state.fps = null;
+    state.lagS = null;
 }
 
-function breakerTick(steps) {
+function tripBreaker(why) {
+    console.warn('[metabolism] circuit breaker:', JSON.stringify(why));
+    breakerReset();
+    pauseCurrent();
+    const detail = why.lagS != null
+        ? `the picture fell ${why.lagS.toFixed(1)}s behind the song — playback stopped`
+        : `sustained ${Math.round(why.fps)} fps < ${BREAKER_FPS} — playback stopped`;
+    setOverlay(
+        `<b>the world outgrew this machine</b>` +
+        `<small>${detail}. Try a lower resolution (res) or another seed.</small>`
+    );
+}
+
+function breakerTick(steps, behind) {
     const now = performance.now();
+    // The lag trip: a rate that still clears BREAKER_FPS but never reaches
+    // the audio clock means the picture drifts (the deficit grows every
+    // tick) — that is what chugging looks like when the rate looks fine.
+    if (behind >= BREAKER_LAG) {
+        if (!breaker.lagSince) breaker.lagSince = now;
+        else if (now - breaker.lagSince >= BREAKER_LAG_HOLD) { tripBreaker({ lagS: behind / FPS }); return; }
+    } else {
+        breaker.lagSince = 0;
+        state.lagS = behind > 0 ? behind / FPS : null;
+    }
     if (!breaker.last) { breaker.last = now; return; }
     breaker.dt += (now - breaker.last) / 1000;
     breaker.last = now;
@@ -238,18 +267,7 @@ function breakerTick(steps) {
         breaker.strikes = 0;
         return;
     }
-    if (++breaker.strikes >= BREAKER_STRIKES) tripBreaker(fps);
+    if (++breaker.strikes >= BREAKER_STRIKES) tripBreaker({ fps });
-}
-
-function tripBreaker(fps) {
-    console.warn(`[metabolism] circuit breaker: sustained ${fps.toFixed(1)} fps < ${BREAKER_FPS} — stopping`);
-    breakerReset();
-    pauseCurrent();
-    setOverlay(
-        `<b>the world outgrew this machine</b>` +
-        `<small>sustained ${Math.round(fps)} fps < ${BREAKER_FPS} — playback stopped. ` +
-        `Try a lower resolution (res) or another seed.</small>`
-    );
 }
 
 let hudTick = 0;
@@ -261,7 +279,7 @@ function loop() {
         const before = c.player.run.world.frame;
         c.player.stepTo(target);
         c.player.renderCurrent();
-        breakerTick(target - before);
+        breakerTick(target - before, Math.max(0, target - c.player.run.world.frame));
         updateSeekUI(pos);
         if (++hudTick % 4 === 0) updateHUD();
     } else {
@@ -339,7 +357,8 @@ function updateHUD() {
     const s = w.stats();
     els.hud.textContent =
         `${s.alive} agents · field ${s.fieldMass.toFixed(2)} · trail ${s.trailMass.toFixed(3)}` +
-        (state.fps != null ? ` · ${Math.round(state.fps)} fps` : '');
+        (state.fps != null ? ` · ${Math.round(state.fps)} fps` : '') +
+        (state.lagS != null && state.lagS >= 0.5 ? ` · ${(state.lagS).toFixed(1)}s behind` : '');
     const cam = c.player.run.camera;
     const size = cam.zoom < 1.8 ? 'wide' : cam.zoom < 2.7 ? 'medium' : 'close';
     els.shot.textContent = `shot ${cam.shot} · ${size} · zoom ${cam.zoom.toFixed(2)}`;

metabolism/src/demo/player.js

@@ -10,6 +10,18 @@ import { Run } from '../film.js';
 
 export const FPS = 30;
 
+/**
+ * The demo's pooled parallelism. The main thread keeps the render and the
+ * page; the spare cores grow the world. Only when cross-origin isolation
+ * exposes SharedArrayBuffer and the hardware has cores beyond
+ * (main thread + one) — otherwise stay serial and let the breaker decide.
+ */
+export function demoWorkers() {
+    if (typeof SharedArrayBuffer === 'undefined' || self.crossOriginIsolated === false) return 0;
+    const hc = navigator.hardwareConcurrency || 4;
+    return hc > 2 ? Math.min(4, hc - 2) : 0;
+}
+
 export class Player {
     /**
      * @param {HTMLCanvasElement} canvas
@@ -21,6 +33,7 @@ export class Player {
         this.ctx = canvas.getContext('2d');
         this.width = width;
         this.height = height;
+        this.workers = demoWorkers();   // fixed per page load, reused on rebuilds
         this.run = null;
         this.song = null;
         this.img = null;
@@ -31,7 +44,10 @@ export class Player {
         this.song = song;
         this.canvas.width = this.width;
         this.canvas.height = this.height;
-        this.run = new Run(song, { fps: FPS, width: this.width, height: this.height, seed: song.seed });
+        // The old pool (if any) never shows another audio clock: stop it
+        // before it silently accumulates one idle world per re-grow.
+        if (this.run?.world?.pool) this.run.world.dispose();
+        this.run = new Run(song, { fps: FPS, width: this.width, height: this.height, seed: song.seed, workers: this.workers });
         // The renderer's framebuffer aliases the canvas ImageData so there is
         // exactly one copy per frame: render() draws straight into img.data and
         // putImageData() uploads it. Same bitmap the renderer paints into node.
@@ -44,14 +60,21 @@ export class Player {
         this.run.stepTo(frame);
     }
 
+    /** Resolves once the world's pool can run phases (serial: immediately). */
+    warm() {
+        return this.run.world.warm();
+    }
+
     /** Step the world to a time in seconds, rebuilding on a backwards seek. */
     seekTo(seconds) {
         const target = clamp(Math.floor(seconds * FPS), 0, this.song.analysis.frames - 1);
         if (target < this.run.world.frame) {
             // The world and the camera are stateful; a backwards seek re-grows
             // from frame 0. Forward stepping is cheap (pure sim), so only a
-            // rewind pays the replay cost.
+            // rewind pays the replay cost. The fresh pool boots cold (web);
-            this.run = new Run(this.song, { fps: FPS, width: this.width, height: this.height, seed: this.song.seed });
+            // the demo loop skips steps until it answers.
+            this.run.world.dispose();
+            this.run = new Run(this.song, { fps: FPS, width: this.width, height: this.height, seed: this.song.seed, workers: this.workers });
             this.run.renderer.bitmap.data = this.img.data;
         }
         this.run.stepTo(target);

metabolism/src/film.js

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ import { Camera } from './camera.js';
 import { Renderer } from './render/view.js';
 
 export class Run {
-    constructor(song, { fps = 30, width = 640, height = 360, seed = song.seed, field, genesis } = {}) {
+    constructor(song, { fps = 30, width = 640, height = 360, seed = song.seed, field, genesis, workers } = {}) {
         this.song = song;
         this.fps = fps;
         this.width = width;
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ export class Run {
             seed,
             ...(field ? { field } : {}),
             ...(genesis !== undefined ? { genesis } : {}),
+            ...(workers ? { workers } : {}),
         });
         this.camera = new Camera(song, this.world, { fps, width, height });
         this.renderer = new Renderer(width, height);
@@ -24,6 +25,10 @@ export class Run {
 
     /** Advance to a frame, updating the camera on every step. */
     stepTo(frame) {
+        // A cold web pool (workers still booting) cannot advance the world:
+        // calling step() would no-op forever inside this loop. The next
+        // stepTo after warm-up catches up to the audio clock.
+        if (!this.world.poolWarm) return this;
         while (this.world.frame < frame) {
             this.world.step();
             this.camera.update(this.world.frame);

metabolism/src/sim/region-core.js

@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+// The shared body of the region pool's workers.
+//
+// Both shells — node's worker_threads (region-worker.js) and the browser's
+// module worker (region-worker.web.js) — receive the same init object, build
+// the same bare World over the shared arena, and run the same phase body
+// below. The protocol is written down in region-worker.js.
+
+import { World } from './world.js';
+
+/**
+ * Attach a region to the shared arena. `init` carries the song and geometry
+ * (factory references live in world.js); the typed-array views are carved
+ * from the same buffers the main thread owns, so the worker is the same
+ * world seen through its band.
+ */
+export function makeRegion(init) {
+    const w = new World(init.song, {
+        field: init.field,
+        seed: init.seed,
+        fps: init.fps,
+        substeps: init.substeps,
+        vmEvery: init.vmEvery,
+        sab: init.arena,
+        layout: init.layout,
+        bare: true,
+    });
+    const region = {
+        w,
+        band: init.band,
+        ctrl: new Int32Array(init.ctrl),
+        mail: new Int32Array(init.mail),
+        warmth: new Float32Array(init.mail, 12, 1),
+        seen: 0,
+    };
+    // boot counter (mail[63]): beginPhase's stall diagnostic reports it; the
+    // web shell also posts a one-shot ack so the main can await warmth.
+    Atomics.add(region.mail, 63, 1);
+    return region;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Wait for a phase and run it. False only when the main thread shut the
+ * pool down (negative sequence); otherwise the worker sleeps again.
+ */
+export function regionPhase(region) {
+    const { w, band, ctrl, mail, warmth } = region;
+    Atomics.wait(ctrl, 0, region.seen);
+    const seq = Atomics.load(ctrl, 0);
+    if (seq < 0) return false;
+    region.seen = seq;
+    // The frame and the decide cadence are mailed per phase; the worker's
+    // own state is otherwise derived from the shared arena. Without the
+    // frame the worker's regime would be frozen at the song's first section.
+    w.frame = mail[0];
+    w.warmth = warmth[0];
+    const phase = mail[2];
+    const decide = mail[1] === 1;
+    const aliveCount = mail[4];
+    const alive = [];
+    for (let k = 0; k < aliveCount; k++) alive.push(mail[5 + k]);
+    w.aliveBodies = alive;
+    // follow the main thread's swap orders (the named arrays drift
+    // frame by frame; both sides must address the same storage)
+    w.pop = [];
+    for (let k = 0; k < w.m; k++) w.pop.push(w.popSlots[mail[20 + k]]);
+    w.alleg = [];
+    for (let k = 0; k < w.B; k++) w.alleg.push(w.allegSlots[mail[40 + k]]);
+    w.carry = [];
+    for (let k = 0; k < w.m; k++) w.carry.push(w.carrySlots[mail[60 + k]]);
+    // and the NEXT-slot orders: the main's afterFields swaps pop<->popNext
+    // every substep, so the workers' `next` views must point at the same
+    // storage the main is about to swap in.
+    w.popNext = [];
+    for (let k = 0; k < w.m; k++) w.popNext.push(w.popSlots[mail[80 + k]]);
+    w.allegNext = [];
+    for (let k = 0; k < w.B; k++) w.allegNext.push(w.allegSlots[mail[100 + k]]);
+    w.carryNext = [];
+    for (let k = 0; k < w.m; k++) w.carryNext.push(w.carrySlots[mail[120 + k]]);
+
+    const regime = w.regimeForFrame(w.frame);
+    if (phase === 1) w.phaseSums(band.c0, band.c1, regime);
+    else if (phase === 2) w.phaseStrains(regime, band.c0, band.c1, decide);
+    else if (phase === 3) w.phaseFields(regime, band.c0, band.c1);
+    Atomics.add(ctrl, 1, 1);
+    Atomics.notify(ctrl, 1);
+    return true;
+}

metabolism/src/sim/region-worker.js

@@ -1,60 +1,24 @@
-// A region worker: owns a horizontal band of coarse rows and runs the
+// A region worker (node variant): owns a horizontal band of coarse rows and
-// band-local phases of the world's substep against the shared arena.
+// runs the band-local phases of the world's substep against the shared arena.
 //
 // The protocol is a pair of small shared arrays:
 //   ctrl  [0] = phase sequence number (raised by the main thread)
 //         [1] = done count (raised by each worker; the main waits on it)
 //   mail  [0] frame, [1] decide flag, [3] warmth (f32), [4] aliveCount,
-//         [5..] alive body ids, [20..] pop order, [30..] alleg order,
+//         [5..] alive body ids, [20..] pop order, [40..] alleg order,
-//         [40..] carry order
+//         [60..] carry order
 //
 // The worker constructs a bare World whose arrays are views into the SAME
 // arena the main thread uses — it is the same world, seen through a band.
+// The phase body itself lives in region-core.js, shared with the browser
+// worker so the two runtimes cannot drift apart.
 
-import { World } from './world.js';
+import { makeRegion, regionPhase } from './region-core.js';
 import { parentPort, workerData } from 'node:worker_threads';
 
+const region = makeRegion(workerData);
 
-const { song, field, seed, fps, substeps, vmEvery, layout, arena, ctrl: ctrlBuf, mail: mailBuf, band } = workerData;
-
-const w = new World(song, { field, seed, fps, substeps, vmEvery, sab: arena, layout, bare: true });
-
-const ctrl = new Int32Array(ctrlBuf);
-const mail = new Int32Array(mailBuf);
-const warmth = new Float32Array(mailBuf, 12, 1);
-
-
-let seen = 0;
 for (;;) {
-    Atomics.wait(ctrl, 0, seen);
+    if (!regionPhase(region)) break;
-    const seq = Atomics.load(ctrl, 0);
-    if (seq < 0) break;
-    seen = seq;
-    const phase = mail[2];
-    const decide = mail[1] === 1;
-    w.warmth = warmth[0];
-    const aliveCount = mail[4];
-    const alive = [];
-    for (let k = 0; k < aliveCount; k++) alive.push(mail[5 + k]);
-    w.aliveBodies = alive;
-    // follow the main thread's swap orders
-    const popOrder = [];
-    for (let k = 0; k < w.m; k++) popOrder.push(mail[20 + k]);
-    const allegOrder = [];
-    for (let k = 0; k < w.B; k++) allegOrder.push(mail[40 + k]);
-    const carryOrder = [];
-    for (let k = 0; k < w.m; k++) carryOrder.push(mail[60 + k]);
-    w.pop = popOrder.map((i) => w.popSlots[i]);
-    w.alleg = allegOrder.map((i) => w.allegSlots[i]);
-    w.carry = carryOrder.map((i) => w.carrySlots[i]);
-
-
-    const regime = w.regimeForFrame(w.frame);
-    if (phase === 1) w.phaseSums(band.c0, band.c1, regime);
-    else if (phase === 2) w.phaseStrains(regime, band.c0, band.c1, decide);
-    else if (phase === 3) w.phaseFields(regime, band.c0, band.c1);
-
-    Atomics.add(ctrl, 1, 1);
-    Atomics.notify(ctrl, 1);
 }
 parentPort.close();

metabolism/src/sim/region-worker.web.js

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+// A region worker (browser variant): the same band body as the node worker,
+// booted from a postMessage'd init rather than workerData. Runs as an ES
+// module worker (Vite bundles the graph the same way as the page's own).
+//
+// Booting is asynchronous: the module evaluates (and processes this init
+// message) a beat after the main thread spawns the pool. The shell's first
+// act inside onmessage is to ack (`pool`) — the main's warm gate (see
+// World.warmPool/step) skips stepping until every worker has acked, which
+// matters because a pending worker's script load is frozen by a hot main
+// thread (Chromium routes worker startup through the window's loop).
+
+import { makeRegion, regionPhase } from './region-core.js';
+
+const host = globalThis.self ?? globalThis;
+
+host.onmessage = ({ data: init }) => {
+    const region = makeRegion(init);
+    // Boot ack: the pool's warm gate on the main counts these — one per
+    // worker. The counter also lives in mail[63] (raised in makeRegion).
+    postMessage('pool');
+    // The phase loop blocks on Atomics.wait between phases; the worker's
+    // event loop never returns to this handler. Shutdown is terminate().
+    for (;;) {
+        if (!regionPhase(region)) return;
+    }
+};

metabolism/src/sim/world.js

@@ -31,17 +31,20 @@
 import { Rng } from '../rng.js';
 
 /**
- * The region pool runs on node's worker_threads; the browser gets its
+ * How the region pool's workers are built: worker_threads on node, ES module
- * parallelism through the GPU decision layer (and, later, a sim worker).
+ * workers in the browser (the demo server already sends the COOP/COEP headers
- * Resolved lazily so the module keeps loading in the browser.
+ * that expose SharedArrayBuffer under cross-origin isolation). Resolved
+ * lazily so the module keeps loading anywhere.
  */
 function workerCtor() {
     try {
         const mod = globalThis.process?.getBuiltinModule?.('node:worker_threads');
-        return mod?.Worker ?? null;
+        if (mod?.Worker) return { ctor: mod.Worker, kind: 'node' };
-    } catch {
+    } catch { /* fall through */ }
-        return null;
+    if (typeof globalThis.Worker === 'function') {
+        return { ctor: globalThis.Worker, kind: 'web' };
     }
+    return null;
 }
 import { wellPos, wellEnv, buildKernel } from './wells.js';
 import {
@@ -167,6 +170,11 @@ export function arenaLayout(field, m, B, FC) {
     items.push(A('aimY', m * fc, Int8Array, m * fc));
     items.push(A('activity', 32 * 32 * 4, Float32Array, 32 * 32));
     items.push(A('hungerMass', 4, Float32Array, 1));
+    // Per-row accumulation partials for the frame counters that scattered
+    // writes used to race across bands (hunger, move, births, deaths).
+    // Bands always cover whole rows, and the merge in afterFields runs in a
+    // fixed row order, so the folded sum is identical for any worker count.
+    items.push(A('bandStats', field * 4 * 4, Float32Array, field * 4));
     return { items, bytes: items.reduce((a, it) => a + it.bytes, 0) };
 }
 
@@ -186,6 +194,7 @@ export class World {
         this.palette = song.palette;
         this.wellTimeline = song.wells.wells;
         this.rng = new Rng(seed >>> 0).fork('world');
+        this.seed = seed >>> 0;   // the workers must seed the SAME noise field
 
         // Pre-simulation (genesis): how long the world evolves before frame 0,
         // so the opening is an old ecosystem, not a blank plate. The amount is
@@ -260,6 +269,18 @@ export class World {
 
         this.activity = carve('activity', Float32Array, 32 * 32);
         this.hungerCell = carve('hungerMass', Float32Array, 1);   // shared accumulator
+        this.bandStats = carve('bandStats', Float32Array, field * 4);   // per-row partials
+
+        // The gather advection's motion cache: computed once per source cell
+        // and shared by every destination it feeds. PRIVATE to this world
+        // instance (serial main or one region worker) — never in the arena,
+        // so concurrent regions cannot touch each other's cache.
+        this._advSeen = new Uint8Array(n);
+        this._advVx = new Float64Array(n);
+        this._advVy = new Float64Array(n);
+        this._advmx = new Float64Array(n);
+        this._advmy = new Float64Array(n);
+        this._advLeave = new Float64Array(n);
 
         // Rock (M2.8): the inert resource. A barrier the organisms cannot
         // cross, that the song drops and shatters, and that builders quarry,
@@ -418,6 +439,7 @@ export class World {
         };
 
         this.frame = -1;
+        this.poolWarm = true;   // web pools go cold at boot; see step()/warmPool()
         this.substepCount = 0;
         this.pulses = [];
         this.totalPop = 0;
@@ -443,26 +465,80 @@ export class World {
         const WorkerC = workerCtor();
         if (!bare && workers > 1 && !WorkerC) workers = 0;   // no worker system: stay serial
         if (!bare && workers > 1) {
+            this.workerKind = WorkerC.kind;
             this.ctrl = new Int32Array(new SharedArrayBuffer(32));
             this.mail = new Int32Array(new SharedArrayBuffer(512));
             this.pool = [];
             const bands = [];
+            let ready = 0;   // 'pool' boot acks (web only; node answers barriers directly)
+            if (WorkerC.kind === 'web') {
+                // Web pools go cold at boot; step()/Run.stepTo skip frames
+                // until every worker answers its boot ack (see below).
+                this.poolWarm = false;
+                this.poolReady = new Promise((res) => { this._warmResolve = res; });
+            } else {
+                // Node workers are native threads; they answer the first
+                // phase barrier without any main-thread involvement.
+                this.poolReady = Promise.resolve();
+            }
             for (let k = 0; k < workers; k++) {
                 const c0 = Math.round((this.FC * k) / workers);
                 const c1 = Math.round((this.FC * (k + 1)) / workers);
                 bands.push({ c0, c1 });
-                const worker = new WorkerC(new URL('./region-worker.js', import.meta.url), {
+                const init = {
-                    workerData: {
+                    song, field, seed: this.seed, fps, substeps, vmEvery: this.vmEvery,
-                        song, field, seed: this.seed, fps, substeps, vmEvery: this.vmEvery,
+                    layout: { items: spec.items.map(({ name, bytes, offset, len }) => ({ name, bytes, offset, len })), bytes: spec.bytes },
-                        layout: { items: spec.items.map(({ name, bytes, offset, len }) => ({ name, bytes, offset, len })), bytes: spec.bytes },
+                    arena: this.arena, ctrl: this.ctrl.buffer,
-                        arena: this.arena, ctrl: this.ctrl.buffer,
+                    mail: this.mail.buffer, band: bands[k],
-                        mail: this.mail.buffer, band: bands[k],
+                };
-                    },
+                let worker;
-                });
+                if (WorkerC.kind === 'web') {
-                worker.unref();   // the pool never holds the process open
+                    // Module workers boot asynchronously (vite serves the
+                    // script through a transform; the module evaluates and
+                    // processes the init message a beat later). Each worker
+                    // posts a single `pool` boot ack after makeRegion; the
+                    // pool is warm (see step()) only once every worker has
+                    // answered. A beginPhase spin must never be entered on a
+                    // cold pool: Chromium routes a pending worker's script
+                    // load through the busy main thread, so a hot spin while
+                    // the pool boots would freeze the boot itself.
+                    // (The literal `new Worker(new URL(...))` matters: vite
+                    // only recognizes the canonical spelling when it bundles
+                    // the worker's graph for the dist build.)
+                    worker = new Worker(new URL('./region-worker.web.js', import.meta.url), { type: 'module' });
+                    worker.onerror = (e) => {
+                        // A failed worker never answers phase barriers; warm
+                        // anyway so the world keeps stepping into the existing
+                        // `region pool stalled` diagnostic (done N/4) instead
+                        // of freezing silently behind the cold gate.
+                        console.error(`region worker ${k} failed: ${e.message} @${e.filename}:${e.lineno}`);
+                        this.warmPool();
+                    };
+                    worker.onmessage = () => {
+                        ready += 1;   // 'pool' boot ack; mail[63] raised in makeRegion
+                        if (ready >= this.pool.length) this.warmPool();
+                    };
+                    worker.postMessage(init);
+                } else {
+                    const NodeWorker = WorkerC.ctor;
+                    worker = new NodeWorker(new URL('./region-worker.js', import.meta.url), { workerData: init });
+                    worker.unref();   // the pool never holds the process open
+                }
                 this.pool.push(worker);
             }
             this.bands = bands;
+            // The phase barrier. Browsers forbid a blocking Atomics.wait on a
+            // window's main thread; the probe decides between blocking waits
+            // (node, worker hosts) and plain spinning (Chrome's main thread).
+            this.blockingWait = (() => {
+                try {
+                    const probe = new Int32Array(new SharedArrayBuffer(4));
+                    Atomics.wait(probe, 0, 0, 1);
+                    return true;
+                } catch {
+                    return false;
+                }
+            })();
         }
     }
 
@@ -870,7 +946,24 @@ export class World {
         return living;
     }
 
+    /** The pool's boot handshake (web workers only): warm once every worker answered. */
+    warmPool() {
+        if (this.poolWarm) return;
+        this.poolWarm = true;
+        this._warmResolve?.();
+    }
+
+    /** Resolves when the pool can run phases (immediately for serial/node). */
+    warm() {
+        return this.poolReady ?? Promise.resolve();
+    }
+
     step() {
+        // Cold pool: the workers are still booting their script (vite serves
+        // it through a transform; a spin here would freeze that boot —
+        // Chromium routes a pending worker's script load through this
+        // thread). Skip frames until warm; post-warm catch-up is unbounded.
+        if (!this.poolWarm) return null;
         this.frame++;
         const f = this.frame;
         const regime = this.regimeForFrame(f);
@@ -1109,7 +1202,7 @@ export class World {
                     // forces already sit in fxX/fxY, actions in the buffer.
                     const syn = this.syn[s];
                     const kinShare = dom >= 0 ? clamp01((blkBody[dom][b] - own) / Math.max(1e-6, syn.threshold)) : 0;
-                    synScratch[s * FC + b] = syn.base + (1 - syn.base) * kinShare;
+                    synScratch[s * actFC + b] = syn.base + (1 - syn.base) * kinShare;
                     continue;
                 }
                 const nb = (blkPop[s][ug] + blkPop[s][dg] + blkPop[s][lg] + blkPop[s][rg]) / 4;
@@ -1170,7 +1263,10 @@ export class World {
                 gg[G_GARDEN * 2 + 1] = Math.sign(blkGarden[dg] - blkGarden[ug]);
 
                 const flat = ensureFlat(strains[s]);
-                runProgram(this.stMem, s * REGS * FC + b, ss, gg, act, flat._flatI, flat._flatF, flat._flatN);
+                // Memory layout: [strain][block][REGS] — the base of this
+                // (strain, block) is REGS registers into the strain's slab
+                // of REGS×fc cells (the arena sizes stMem m*REGS*fc).
+                runProgram(this.stMem, s * REGS * actFC + b, ss, gg, act, flat._flatI, flat._flatF, flat._flatN);
                 // Remember the aim: the next substep's work-senses look there.
                 let nx = act[12] !== 0 ? Math.sign(act[12]) : Math.sign(act[0]);
                 let ny = act[13] !== 0 ? Math.sign(act[13]) : Math.sign(act[1]);
@@ -1196,9 +1292,32 @@ export class World {
                 // crowd — the share of the block's population that is kin.
                 const syn = this.syn[s];
                 const kinShare = dom >= 0 ? clamp01((blkBody[dom][b] - own) / Math.max(1e-6, syn.threshold)) : 0;
-                synScratch[s * FC + b] = syn.base + (1 - syn.base) * kinShare;
+                synScratch[s * actFC + b] = syn.base + (1 - syn.base) * kinShare;
             }
         }
+        // Block-owner velocity pass: the density-weighted mean strain force
+        // per block, a pure function of this block's phase-1 sums (blkPop)
+        // and its own just-written fxX/fxY. Nothing here reads a neighbour
+        // block, so whichever band owns the block computes the same bits —
+        // and phase 3 (allegiance/carry advection) reads velocities that are
+        // FULLY written once the phase-2 barrier passes. (Computing this at
+        // the top of phase 3 instead left band-edge reads racing against the
+        // neighbouring worker's writes.)
+        const velX = this.velX;
+        const velY = this.velY;
+        for (let b = c0 * FC; b < c1 * FC; b++) {
+            let sx = 0;
+            let sy = 0;
+            let wPop = 0;
+            for (let s = 0; s < m; s++) {
+                const p = blkPop[s][b];
+                sx += fxX[s][b] * p;
+                sy += fxY[s][b] * p;
+                wPop += p;
+            }
+            velX[b] = wPop > 1e-6 ? sx / wPop : 0;
+            velY[b] = wPop > 1e-6 ? sy / wPop : 0;
+        }
     }
 
     gradOf(arr, b, ug, dg, lg, rg) { return Math.sign(arr[rg] - arr[lg]); }
@@ -1254,18 +1373,31 @@ export class World {
         for (let s = 0; s < this.m; s++) Atomics.store(mail, 20 + s, this.popSlots.indexOf(this.pop[s]));
         for (let b = 0; b < this.B; b++) Atomics.store(mail, 40 + b, this.allegSlots.indexOf(this.alleg[b]));
         for (let s = 0; s < this.m; s++) Atomics.store(mail, 60 + s, this.carrySlots.indexOf(this.carry[s]));
-        // raise the phase sequence and wait for every done-flag
+        // ...and the NEXT-slot orders: afterFields swaps pop<->popNext (and
+        // the alleg/carry pairs) on the main every substep, so the workers'
+        // `next` views must follow the same storage the main will swap —
+        // otherwise every substep after the first lands in stale space.
+        for (let s = 0; s < this.m; s++) Atomics.store(mail, 80 + s, this.popSlots.indexOf(this.popNext[s]));
+        for (let b = 0; b < this.B; b++) Atomics.store(mail, 100 + b, this.allegSlots.indexOf(this.allegNext[b]));
+        for (let s = 0; s < this.m; s++) Atomics.store(mail, 120 + s, this.carrySlots.indexOf(this.carryNext[s]));
+        // raise the phase sequence and wait until every done-flag
         Atomics.store(ctrl, 1, 0);
         this.phaseSeq = (this.phaseSeq ?? 0) + 1;
         const seq = this.phaseSeq;
         Atomics.store(ctrl, 0, seq);
         Atomics.notify(ctrl, 0, this.pool.length);
+        const deadline = performance.now() + 30000;
         let polls = 0;
         while (Atomics.load(ctrl, 1) < this.pool.length) {
-            if (++polls > 2000) {
+            if (this.blockingWait) {
+                Atomics.wait(ctrl, 1, Atomics.load(ctrl, 1), 25);
+            }
+            // The spin path must poll generously (a module worker's first
+            // boot can take hundreds of ms); the clock only polices waits,
+            // it never touches world state.
+            if (++polls > 64 && performance.now() > deadline) {
                 throw new Error(`region pool stalled: phase ${id}, done ${Atomics.load(ctrl, 1)}/${this.pool.length}, workerBoot ${Atomics.load(mail, 63)}`);
             }
-            Atomics.wait(ctrl, 1, Atomics.load(ctrl, 1), 25);
         }
     }
 
@@ -1389,6 +1521,30 @@ export class World {
 
     // ---- after the fields: swap + the rock economy (main; aim targets cross bands)
     afterFields(regime) {
+        // Fold the per-row accumulator partials into the frame counters.
+        // Only the main thread runs this, and the fold visits rows in the
+        // SAME fixed order whatever the band layout (a band always covers
+        // whole rows of fine cells) — so serial, 2 regions and 4 regions
+        // add up the same bits. The slots zero as they fold: the next
+        // substep starts from a clean partial set.
+        const Fm = this.field;
+        const rowStats = this.bandStats;
+        let hunger = this.hungerCell[0];
+        let move = this.moveAccum;
+        let births = this.birthsThisFrame;
+        let deaths = this.deathsThisFrame;
+        for (let r = 0; r < Fm; r++) {
+            const k = r * 4;
+            hunger += rowStats[k];
+            move += rowStats[k + 1];
+            births += rowStats[k + 2];
+            deaths += rowStats[k + 3];
+            rowStats[k] = 0; rowStats[k + 1] = 0; rowStats[k + 2] = 0; rowStats[k + 3] = 0;
+        }
+        this.hungerCell[0] = hunger;
+        this.moveAccum = move;
+        this.birthsThisFrame = births;
+        this.deathsThisFrame = deaths;
         const aimTarget = (b, s) => {
             const actFC = this.fc;
             const actBuf = this.stAct;
@@ -1561,6 +1717,8 @@ export class World {
         const noise = this.noise;
         const noise2 = this.noise2;
         const n = this.n;
+        const F = this.field;
+        const stats = this.bandStats;
         const rock = this.rock;
         const blkPop = this.blkPop;
         const blkTotal = this.blkTotal;
@@ -1569,29 +1727,16 @@ export class World {
         const actBuf = this.stAct;
         const actFC = fc;
         const hostility = this.hostility;
+        // Block velocities committed by phaseStrains before the phase-2
+        // barrier (see the block-owner velocity pass there); only read here.
+        const velX = this.velX;
+        const velY = this.velY;
 
         // ---- advection + reaction (band rows [c0, c1)) -------------------------
         const f0 = c0 * (this.field / FC);
         const f1 = c1 * (this.field / FC);
         const lo = f0 * this.field;
         const hi = f1 * this.field;
-        // Allegiance rides the population flux: the density-weighted mean of
-        // the strains' velocities.
-        const velX = this.velX;
-        const velY = this.velY;
-        for (let b = c0 * FC; b < c1 * FC; b++) {
-            let sx = 0;
-            let sy = 0;
-            let w = 0;
-            for (let s = 0; s < m; s++) {
-                const p = blkPop[s][b];
-                sx += this.fxX[s][b] * p;
-                sy += this.fxY[s][b] * p;
-                w += p;
-            }
-            velX[b] = w > 1e-6 ? sx / w : 0;
-            velY[b] = w > 1e-6 ? sy / w : 0;
-        }
 
         const advFrac = Math.min(0.4, this.avgSpeed * ops.speed * sub * 240);
         for (let s = 0; s < m; s++) {
@@ -1621,6 +1766,7 @@ export class World {
         for (let i = lo; i < hi; i++) {
             const r0 = res[i];
             const b = coarseOf[i];
+            const statsRow = (i / F) | 0;
             const dom = domB[b];
             if (r0 < 1e-6 && density[i] < 1e-6) continue;
 
@@ -1629,7 +1775,10 @@ export class World {
 
             // Saturated food factor (rational approximation, no transcendentals).
             const foodFactor = (r0 * 5) / (1 + r0 * 5);
-            this.hungerCell[0] += density[i] * (1 - foodFactor);
+            // The frame counters accumulate per-row partials (bandStats):
+            // rows are never split across bands and afterFields folds them
+            // in a fixed row order, so serial and any pool agree on the bit.
+            stats[statsRow * 4] += density[i] * (1 - foodFactor);
             // The gate is nearly shut on bare ground: food is the substrate, not a
             // catalyst. A colony that outgrows its ground starves back and must
             // wander — the world tracks its wells instead of congealing.
@@ -1665,7 +1814,7 @@ export class World {
             for (let s = 0; s < m; s++) {
                 const p = vals[s];
                 const spn = actBuf[s * ACTION_COUNT * actFC + 5 * actFC + b];
-                const synB = synScratch[s * FC + b];
+                const synB = synScratch[s * actFC + b];
                 let g = p * this.growth[s] * ops.growth * globalDamp * (1 + spn) * synB * sub * (1 - p / (this.caps[s] * capMul)) * gate;
                 g *= (1 - casualty * 8);
                 // Starvation is the body's metabolic floor: bare ground kills,
@@ -1697,8 +1846,8 @@ export class World {
                 const after = grown[s];
                 next[s][i] = after;
                 dNew += after;
-                if (after > before) this.birthsThisFrame += after - before;
+                if (after > before) stats[statsRow * 4 + 2] += after - before;
-                else if (after < before) this.deathsThisFrame += before - after;
+                else if (after < before) stats[statsRow * 4 + 3] += before - after;
             }
             density[i] = dNew;
 
@@ -1719,17 +1868,17 @@ export class World {
         }
     }
 
-    /**
-     * Conservative L1 advection + diffusion of one field, shared by the
-     * strains (which track activity) and the allegiance composition. `frac`
-     * is the fraction of a cell that departs this substep.
-     */
     /**
      * Conservative L1 advection + diffusion, in GATHER form: every
-     * destination cell computes its own inflow from src (self terms plus
+     * destination cell sums its own inflow from src — its own stay-home
-     * the diffusion flux of its open neighbours). No cross-cell writes —
+     * terms, the four edge arrivals it now receives, its diffusion share
-     * which is what makes the field phases band-parallel EXACTLY, whatever
+     * and the sheds of its neighbours — and writes ONLY to itself. A band
-     * the region count. A 2-row halo of src covers every read.
+     * reads a one-cell halo and never writes outside its rows, which is
+     * what makes the field phase band-parallel EXACTLY, whatever the
+     * region count. The per-destination arrival order replicates the old
+     * scatter's per-cell accumulation order bit for bit: arrivals from
+     * i-F and i-1 (processed earlier in the old loop), then i's own
+     * terms in full, then the arrivals from i+1 and i+F.
      */
     advect(src, dst, fxArr, fyArr, frac, jitterAmt, diff, sub, track, lo = 0, hi = this.n) {
         const F = this.field;
@@ -1741,7 +1890,14 @@ export class World {
         const noise = this.noise;
         const noise2 = this.noise2;
         const mask = this.rockMask;
-        dst.fill(0, lo, hi);
+        const seen = this._advSeen;
+        const vxC = this._advVx;
+        const vyC = this._advVy;
+        const mxC = this._advmx;
+        const myC = this._advmy;
+        const leaveC = this._advLeave;
+        const n = this.n;
+        seen.fill(0, 0, n);
         // diffusion flux d_j for every cell j this pass may touch (the cell
         // itself and its four neighbours); computed read-only from src.
         const flux = (j) => {
@@ -1756,51 +1912,106 @@ export class World {
             if (open === 0) return 0;
             return (nb - open * vj) * diff * sub;
         };
-        for (let i = lo; i < hi; i++) {
+        const shed = (j) => {
-            const v = src[i];
+            const d = flux(j);
-            const b = coarseOf[i];
+            if (d === 0) return 0;
-            const vx = fxArr[b] + (track ? noise[i] * jitterAmt : 0);
+            let open = 0;
-            const vy = fyArr[b] + (track ? noise2[i] * jitterAmt : 0);
+            if (!mask[nUp[j]]) open++;
-            const w = Math.abs(vx) + Math.abs(vy);
+            if (!mask[nDown[j]]) open++;
-            const leave = v * frac;
+            if (!mask[nLeft[j]]) open++;
-            if (v > 1e-6 && leave > 0 && w > 1e-6) {
+            if (!mask[nRight[j]]) open++;
-                const mx = (leave * Math.abs(vx)) / w;
+            return open > 0 ? d * 0.5 / open : 0;
-                const my = (leave * Math.abs(vy)) / w;
+        };
-                dst[i] += v - leave;
+        // One motion solve per source cell, shared by every destination cell
-                // Rock is a wall: mass aimed at a stone cell stays put and
+        // it feeds (halo rows included). Each world instance — the serial
-                // piles against it.
+        // main or one region worker — walks its own calls with its own
-                const tx = vx > 0.02 ? nRight[i] : vx < -0.02 ? nLeft[i] : i;
+        // cache, so concurrent bands never collide on it.
-                const ty = vy > 0.02 ? nDown[i] : vy < -0.02 ? nUp[i] : i;
+        const motion = (k) => {
-                dst[mask[tx] ? i : tx] += mx;
+            if (seen[k]) return;
-                dst[mask[ty] ? i : ty] += my;
+            seen[k] = 1;
-
+            let vx = 0, vy = 0, mx = 0, my = 0, leave = 0;
-                if (track) {
+            const v = src[k];
-                    const ax = ((i % F) * 32 / F) | 0;
+            if (v > 1e-6) {
-                    const ay = ((i / F) * 32 / F) | 0;
+                const b = coarseOf[k];
-                    this.activity[Math.min(31, ay) * 32 + Math.min(31, ax)] += leave * 6;
+                vx = fxArr[b] + (track ? noise[k] * jitterAmt : 0);
-                    this.moveAccum += leave;
+                vy = fyArr[b] + (track ? noise2[k] * jitterAmt : 0);
+                const w = Math.abs(vx) + Math.abs(vy);
+                leave = v * frac;
+                if (leave > 0 && w > 1e-6) {
+                    mx = (leave * Math.abs(vx)) / w;
+                    my = (leave * Math.abs(vy)) / w;
                 }
-            } else if (v > 1e-6) {
-                dst[i] += v;
             }
+            vxC[k] = vx;
+            vyC[k] = vy;
+            mxC[k] = mx;
+            myC[k] = my;
+            leaveC[k] = leave;
+        };
+        dst.fill(0, lo, hi);
+        const stats = this.bandStats;
+        for (let i = lo; i < hi; i++) {
+            // ---- arrivals from cells the old loop processed earlier ----
+            // from the row above (old loop visited i-F first):
+            const up = i - F;
+            if (up >= 0 && !mask[i]) {
+                motion(up);
+                if (vyC[up] > 0.02) dst[i] += myC[up];   // its down-flow landed here
+            }
+            // from the left:
+            if (i % F !== 0 && !mask[i]) {
+                motion(i - 1);
+                if (vxC[i - 1] > 0.02) dst[i] += mxC[i - 1];   // its right-flow landed here
+            }
+            // ---- the cell's own terms, exactly as the old body issued them
+            const v = src[i];
+            if (v > 1e-6) {
+                motion(i);
+                const leave = leaveC[i];
+                const vx = vxC[i];
+                const vy = vyC[i];
+                if (leave > 0 && Math.abs(vx) + Math.abs(vy) > 1e-6) {
+                    const mx = mxC[i];
+                    const my = myC[i];
+                    dst[i] += v - leave;
+                    // Rock is a wall: mass aimed at a stone cell stays put
+                    // (and a slow drift has nowhere to go: it stays too —
+                    // the edge-clamped neighbour arrays make tx/ty === i).
+                    const tx = vx > 0.02 ? nRight[i] : vx < -0.02 ? nLeft[i] : i;
+                    const ty = vy > 0.02 ? nDown[i] : vy < -0.02 ? nUp[i] : i;
+                    if (mask[tx] || tx === i) dst[i] += mx;
+                    if (mask[ty] || ty === i) dst[i] += my;
 
-            // Diffusion, gathered: my own flux half stays here; each open
+                    if (track) {
-            // neighbour sheds its flux equally on its open neighbours.
+                        const ax = ((i % F) * 32 / F) | 0;
-            if (v > 1e-6) dst[i] += flux(i) * 0.5;
+                        const ay = ((i / F) * 32 / F) | 0;
-            const shed = (j) => {
+                        this.activity[Math.min(31, ay) * 32 + Math.min(31, ax)] += leave * 6;
-                const d = flux(j);
+                        stats[((i / F) | 0) * 4 + 1] += leave;
-                if (d === 0) return 0;
+                    }
-                let open = 0;
+                } else {
-                if (!mask[nUp[j]]) open++;
+                    // too slow or too spent to move: everything stays
-                if (!mask[nDown[j]]) open++;
+                    dst[i] += v;
-                if (!mask[nLeft[j]]) open++;
+                }
-                if (!mask[nRight[j]]) open++;
+                if (v > 1e-6) dst[i] += flux(i) * 0.5;
-                return open > 0 ? d * 0.5 / open : 0;
+            }
-            };
+            // The neighbour's diffusion sheds its equal share this way —
+            // independent of whether this cell holds anything.
             if (!mask[nUp[i]] && src[nUp[i]] > 1e-6) dst[i] -= shed(nUp[i]);
             if (!mask[nDown[i]] && src[nDown[i]] > 1e-6) dst[i] -= shed(nDown[i]);
             if (!mask[nLeft[i]] && src[nLeft[i]] > 1e-6) dst[i] -= shed(nLeft[i]);
             if (!mask[nRight[i]] && src[nRight[i]] > 1e-6) dst[i] -= shed(nRight[i]);
+            // ---- arrivals from cells the old loop processed later ----
+            // from the right:
+            if (i % F !== F - 1 && !mask[i]) {
+                motion(i + 1);
+                if (vxC[i + 1] < -0.02) dst[i] += mxC[i + 1];   // its left-flow landed here
+            }
+            // from the row below:
+            const down = i + F;
+            if (down < n && !mask[i]) {
+                motion(down);
+                if (vyC[down] < -0.02) dst[i] += myC[down];   // its up-flow landed here
+            }
         }
     }
 

metabolism/test/world.test.js

@@ -97,11 +97,11 @@ test('genesis pre-simulates generations so frame 0 is already an ecosystem', ()
 });
 
 test('the region pool is exact: parallel == serial, bit for bit', () => {
-    const grow = (workers) => {
+    const grow = (workers, { frames = 150, seed = 12345 } = {}) => {
         const song = load('drone');
-        const run = new Run(song, { fps: 30, seed: 12345, width: 240, height: 135, field: 64, genesis: 0, workers });
+        const run = new Run(song, { fps: 30, seed, width: 240, height: 135, field: 64, genesis: 0, workers });
-        for (let f = 0; f < 150; f++) { run.world.step(); run.camera.update(f); }
+        for (let f = 0; f < frames; f++) { run.world.step(); run.camera.update(f); }
-        const history = Array.from(run.world.history.alive.slice(0, 150));
+        const history = Array.from(run.world.history.alive.slice(0, frames));
         const trail = Array.from(run.world.trail[0].slice(0, 4000));
         run.world.dispose?.();
         return { history, trail };
@@ -113,6 +113,17 @@ test('the region pool is exact: parallel == serial, bit for bit', () => {
         a.trail.every((v, i) => v === b.trail[i]);
     assert.ok(eq(serial, two), '2 regions must match the serial world exactly');
     assert.ok(eq(serial, four), '4 regions must match the serial world exactly');
+
+    // LONG: across a section boundary (drone's drop lands at frame 1545) and
+    // with a seed distinct from song.seed (the workers must be told the same
+    // seed — they seed their own jitter-noise fields). A 150-frame run inside
+    // one section with the default seed passes even with both bugs present.
+    const longSerial = grow(0, { frames: 1600, seed: 999 });
+    const longTwo = grow(2, { frames: 1600, seed: 999 });
+    const longEq = (a, b) => a.history.every((v, i) => v === b.history[i]) &&
+        a.trail.every((v, i) => v === b.trail[i]);
+    assert.ok(longEq(longSerial, longTwo),
+        '2 regions must match the serial world exactly across the section boundary');
 });
 
 test('genesis is deterministic and song-scaled', () => {